Air Company, a carbon utilization startup whose scientific leadership team has done pioneering research at the Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering (CGCGE) at Yale, received the Environmental Protection Agency’s Green Chemistry Challenge Award for Climate Change. The team was recognized for the development a groundbreaking technology that transforms carbon dioxide captured from industrial plants and hydrogen from water into sustainable aviation fuel, ethanol, and methanol.
The company projects that its Airmade technology, if scaled, could avoid 10.8% of global carbon dioxide emissions, which is the equivalent of more than 4.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually. Its sustainable aviation fuel life cycle CO2 emissions are over 90% lower than traditional jet fuel.
The Air Company team includes co-founders Gregory Constantine and Stafford Sheehan ’13 MS, PhD ’16; Mahlet Garedew; Chi Chen PhD ’16; Pat Ward, and Paul Anastas, director of CGCGE and Teresa and H. John Heinz III Chair in Chemistry for the Environment, who serves as the company’s science advisor. Sheehan and Garedew were both postdoctoral associates at CGCGE. They were honored during an awards ceremony held on October 23, 2023, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C.
"Yale must be proud of producing people like Drs. Sheehan, Chi Chen, and Mahlet Garedew, who have shown you can go from invention to impact so quickly with solutions to such major problems," Anastas said. "I’m just happy to be part of this team with people who have dedicated their brilliance to making the world better through green chemistry."
From left: Pat Ward, Paul Anastas, Gregory Constantine, Mahlet Garedew, and Stafford Sheehan of Air Company are honored with EPA's Green Chemistry Challenge Award at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., on October 23, 2023. Credit: Eric Vance/US Environmental Protection Agency
Oswald Schmitz, the Oastler Professor of Population and Community Ecology, was featured in a CBS Saturday Morning report about how re-introducing wildlife to some areas could help combat climate change.
A recent study led by YSE doctoral student Samuel Jurado uncovered a surprising connection between increased heavy precipitation events and dry soil conditions in the Northeastern United States, revealing that feedback loops, not previously observed in the Northeast, contribute to regional dryness during the summer months.
The study, published in Water Resources Research and co-authored by Jackie Matthes, a researcher at Harvard University, explores how more frequent heavy rainfall and increased soil dryness can exist simultaneously and intensify summer drought through a process known as land-atmosphere coupling.
“Imagine you have a flowerpot and one cup of water,” explained Jurado. “Each day for a week, you add a bit of water to keep the soil moist and the flower healthy. Now, imagine you have two cups of water, poured all at once at the beginning of the week, and the pot is left alone. Most of the water overflows or drains out. At the end of the week, the flower that received only one cup of water remains healthy, while the other, despite receiving two cups, may be stressed and dried out. As the climate changes, the Northeast is increasingly resembling the latter flower.”
The study has implications for land management practices, suggesting a need for strategies that enhance soil water retention.
“As water management becomes increasingly challenging for Northeastern U.S. communities, it is crucial to explore how landscapes influence atmospheric conditions, especially as precipitation patterns change and more frequent summer dry periods grow beyond historical experience,” Jurado said.
To prevent destructive wildfires, the U.S. Forest Service thins forests and places the cuttings, called residue, into piles for burning. However, a recent study led by Jake Barker ’24 MF and a team of researchers projected that a significant amount of carbon dioxide is released during these events, which works against climate-change mitigation goals. The burns are also financially costly.
The residue burns by the Forest Service are being used to prevent catastrophic fires that have been fueled by logging, drought, climate-change, and previous government-mandated fire suppression that have led to the accumulation of debris and dense stands of small trees, which provide fuel for enormous blazes.
The study, published in Frontiers for Global Change, simulated residue burning across western U.S. forests, and estimated that the burns contributed over 1.7 million metric tons of carbon emissions annually. The researchers found that that costs for labor and equipment were also notably higher than had been reported.
The authors suggest that alternatives to burning residues, such as using them for biofuels or burying them to sequester carbon, could help reduce fire risk and carbon emissions. Steep forest terrain makes removing residues for other uses difficult and costly. They recommend the Forest Service seek subsidies to aid in funding infrastructure for climate-friendly alternatives.
“Forests play a big part in natural climate solutions,” Barker said. “We’re demonstrating the opportunity for novel and creative pathways to transform residues into a natural climate solution.”
Forest worker observing a controlled burn. Photo: iStock/AscentXmedia